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Forskolin : natural sources, pharmacology and biotechnology / / T. Pullaiah
Forskolin : natural sources, pharmacology and biotechnology / / T. Pullaiah
Autore Pullaiah T.
Pubbl/distr/stampa Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (182 pages)
Disciplina 615.32387
Soggetto topico Forskolin
ISBN 9789811965210
9789811965203
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- 1: Coleus forskohlii-A Multipurpose Medicinal Plant -- 1.1 Introduction -- References -- 2: Botany of Coleus forskohlii -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Botany of Coleus forskohlii -- 2.3 Chromosome Number -- 2.4 Genetic Improvement -- 2.5 Mutation Breeding -- References -- 3: Traditional Medicinal Uses and Pharmacognosy of Coleus forskohlii -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Uses in Traditional Systems of Medicine -- 3.3 Ethnobotanical Uses -- 3.3.1 Digestive System -- 3.3.2 Nervous System -- 3.3.3 Skin -- 3.3.4 Respiratory System -- 3.3.5 Pain, Inflammation, and Musculoskeletal Problems -- 3.3.6 Metabolic and Endocrine System -- 3.3.7 Cardiovascular System -- 3.3.8 Sensory -- 3.3.9 Infection -- 3.4 Pharmacognosy -- 3.4.1 Macroscopic Characters of Root -- 3.4.2 Microscopic Characters -- 3.4.3 Study of Powder -- 3.4.4 Phytochemical Studies -- 3.4.4.1 Powder Analysis of Whole Plant -- 3.4.4.2 Physicochemical Analysis of Whole Plant of C. forskohlii (Disticraj and Jayaraman 2015) -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Chemistry of Coleus forskohlii Briq. -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Biogenesis -- 4.2.1 Forskolin -- 4.2.2 Molecular Approach -- 4.2.2.1 Bioengineering Process for Biosynthesis of Forskolin -- 4.2.2.2 Genkwanin -- 4.2.3 Extraction and Separation of Forskolin -- 4.2.4 Protocol for Separation and Preparation of Pure Forskolin -- 4.3 Phytocompounds Isolated from C. forskohlii -- 4.4 Prospective of Bioengineering of Forskolin -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Pharmacology of Coleus forskohlii and Forskolin -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Pharmacological Properties -- 5.2.1 Antiobesity -- 5.2.2 Antidiabetic Effect -- 5.2.3 Antithrombotic Effect -- 5.2.4 Cardiovascular Effects -- 5.2.5 Cystic Fibrosis -- 5.2.6 Glaucoma -- 5.2.7 Asthma -- 5.2.8 Anticancer Activity -- 5.2.9 Antioxidant Activity.
5.2.10 Anti-Inflammatory Activity -- 5.2.11 Antidepressant Effect -- 5.2.12 Antistress Effect -- 5.2.13 Antidyspeptic Activity -- 5.2.14 Anti-Ulcer Activity -- 5.2.15 Hepatoprotective Activity -- 5.2.16 Antimicrobial Activity -- 5.2.17 Hypothyroidism -- 5.2.18 Skin Problems -- 5.2.19 Antispasmodic Effect -- 5.2.20 Protection against Gastric Ulcers -- 5.2.21 Bone Formation -- 5.2.22 Nerve Regeneration -- 5.2.23 Functional Neural Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells -- 5.2.24 Neuronal Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor -- 5.2.25 Antipsoriasis Effect -- 5.2.26 Anticonvulsant Activity -- 5.2.27 Neurological Disorders -- 5.2.28 Immunomodulator Activity -- 5.2.29 Analgesic Activity -- 5.2.30 Antiprotozoal Activity -- 5.2.31 Antimalarial Activity -- 5.2.32 Anthelmintic Activity -- 5.2.33 Gastroprotective and Anti-Helicobacter pylori Effects -- 5.2.34 Other Uses -- 5.3 Nano-Emulsions and Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Topical Delivery of Forskolin -- 5.4 Intestinal Permeability of Forskolin -- 5.5 Effects on Pregnancy -- 5.6 Toxicological Studies -- 5.7 Antifeedant Activity -- 5.8 Patents -- References -- 6: Micropropagation of Coleus forskohlii -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Explant -- 6.3 Media Constituents for Shoot Induction -- 6.4 Rooting and Acclimatization -- 6.5 In Vitro Conservation -- 6.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- 7: In Vitro Production of Forskolin -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Organized Cultures -- 7.2.1 Hairy Root Cultures -- 7.2.2 Shoot Cultures -- 7.3 Unorganized Cultures -- 7.3.1 Callus Cultures -- 7.3.1.1 Effect of Sucrose on Callus Induction and Forskolin Content -- 7.3.1.2 Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Growth -- 7.3.1.3 Growth and Forskolin Profile of Callus Cultures and Suspension Cultures -- 7.3.2 Suspension Cultures -- 7.3.2.1 Effect of Biotic Elicitors.
7.3.2.2 Elicitation of Forskolin Using Elicitors of Fungal Origin -- 7.3.2.3 Effect of Bacterial Elicitors -- 7.3.3 Effect of Microbial Derived Elicitors -- 7.3.4 Effect of Abiotic Elicitors -- 7.3.5 Effect of Plant-Derived Elicitors -- References -- 8: Assessment of Coleus forskohlii Genetic Diversity Using Molecular Markers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Molecular Markers -- 8.3 Molecular Marker Studies in Coleus forskohlii -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Endophytes for the Enhanced Growth of Coleus forskohlii and Enhanced Production of Forskolin -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Endophytes and Forskolin Production -- References -- 10: Propagation Methods of Coleus forskohlii -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Propagation -- 10.3 Intercropping -- 10.4 Diseases -- 10.4.1 Leaf Spot Disease -- 10.4.2 Blight Disease -- 10.4.3 Root Rot/Wilt Disease -- 10.4.4 Root Knot Disease of C. forskohlii -- 10.4.5 Complex Disease of C. forskohlii -- 10.4.6 Stem Blight -- 10.5 Disease Management -- 10.5.1 Chemical Control -- 10.5.1.1 Fusarial/Bacterial Wilt Control -- 10.5.2 Biological Control -- 10.5.2.1 Fusarial/Bacterial Control -- 10.6 Mulching and Weed Control -- 10.7 Crop Improvement -- References -- 11: Success Stories and Trade and Commerce of Coleus forskohlii -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Success Story-Dr. Muhammed Majeed -- 11.2.1 Sami-Sabinsa Corporation -- 11.3 Trade and Commerce of Coleus Forskohlii -- References.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910624392903321
Pullaiah T.  
Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Invasive alien species : observations and issues from around the world / / editors, T. Pullaiah [and three others]
Invasive alien species : observations and issues from around the world / / editors, T. Pullaiah [and three others]
Autore Pullaiah T.
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , [2021]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (1465 pages)
Disciplina 578.62
Soggetto topico Introduced organisms
Biological invasions
Biodiversity conservation
ISBN 1-119-60703-5
1-119-60704-3
1-119-60701-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Cover -- Volume I -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Invasive Alien Species: A Prodigious Global Threat in the Anthropocene -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Global Significance of the Invasive Alien Species Threat -- 1.3 Steps Along the Journey -- 1.4 Foundations of Invasion Ecology and Management - Origins, Perspectives, and Trajectory into the Twenty-First Century -- 1.5 Reducing Risk and Preventing Invasions - The First Line of Defense -- 1.5.1 A Case for Prevention and Regional Biosecurity -- 1.6 The Second Line of Defense - Early Detection and Rapid Response -- 1.6.1 Predator Free New Zealand - A Community-Based EDRR Program -- 1.7 Global Biological Security and the Threat of IAS Introductions -- 1.7.1 Conscious Integration of IAS Concerns -- 1.7.2 Elevating the Biosecurity Threat of IAS in the Environmental, Business, Health, and Economic Sectors -- 1.7.3 Impact of Climate Change on Invasion by Alien Species -- 1.8 Unification, Collaboration, and Cooperation - A Global Call to Action Against IAS -- 1.8.1 Gaps and Barriers to Surmount Within Existing Structures and Programs to Accelerate Unification, Collaboration, and Cooperation Against IAS -- 1.8.2 Promoting Innovative Solutions and Technological Advancements -- 1.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Reproductive Traits That Foster the Invasion of Four Alien Plant Species in Botswana -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Study Species -- 2.2.1.1 Mexican Poppy (Argemone mexicana L.) -- 2.2.1.2 Milkweed [Gomphocarpus fruiticosus (L.) W. T. Aiton]1 -- 2.2.1.3 Prickly Sesban [Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight] -- 2.2.1.4 Wild Sunflower [Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & -- Hook. f. ex Gray] -- 2.2.2 Study Site -- 2.2.3 Methods -- 2.2.3.1 Mexican Poppy (Argemone mexicana).
2.2.3.2 Milkweed (Gomphocarpus fruiticosus) -- 2.2.3.3 Prickly Sesban (Sesbania bispinosa) -- 2.2.3.4 Wild Sunflower (Verbesina encelioides) -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Mexican Poppy (Argemone mexicana) -- 2.3.2 Milkweed (Gomphocarpus fruiticosus) -- 2.3.3 Prickly Sesban (Sesbania bispinosa) -- 2.3.4 Wild Sunflower (Verbesina encelioides) -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 The Worst Invasive Species to Egypt -- 3.1 Azolla filiculoides Lam. -- 3.2 Bassia indica (Wight) A.J. Scott -- 3.3 Bidens pilosa L. -- 3.4 Caulerpa taxifolia (M. Vahl) C. Agardh -- 3.5 Eichhornia crassipes (C. Mart.) Solms-Laub -- 3.6 Ipomoea carnea Jacq. subsp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D.F. Austin -- 3.7 Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & -- Perr.) Raven -- 3.8 Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Soják (Syn. Polygonum senegalense Meisn) -- 3.9 Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. -- 3.10 Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. -- 3.11 Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) -- 3.12 Lates niloticus (L.) -- 3.13 Procambarus clarkia (Girard, 1852) -- 3.14 Gambusia affinis (S.F. Baird and Girard, 1853) -- 3.15 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) -- References -- Chapter 4 Status, Trends, and Scenarios of Invasive Alien Species in Gabon -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Status of Invasive Alien Species -- 4.3 Trends -- 4.4 Scenarios, Pathways, and Vectors of Invasion -- 4.5 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Web Site Source -- Chapter 5 Invasive Alien Species (IAS) of Ghana -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Status of IAS in Ghana -- 5.2.1 Types of IAS Found in Ghana -- 5.2.2 IAS Distributions, Ecology, and Assessments -- 5.2.2.1 Invasive Alien Aquatic Plants -- 5.2.2.2 Invasive Alien Terrestrial Plants -- 5.3 Selected Invasive Alien Species: Ecology and Characteristics.
5.3.1 Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (Mart) Solms-Laub. (Pontederiaceae) -- 5.3.2 Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) (L.) King & -- Robinson (= Eupatorium odoratum L.) -- 5.3.3 Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) -- 5.3.4 Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica Bowdich) -- 5.4 Threats of IAS in Ghana -- 5.4.1 Effect of Invasive Species on Agriculture -- 5.4.2 Effect of Invasive Alien Species on Water Bodies -- 5.4.3 Effect of Invasive Alien Species on Genetic Resources -- 5.4.4 Economic Impact of Invasive Alien Species -- 5.5 Management of IAS in Ghana -- 5.5.1 Physical Control -- 5.5.2 Chemical Control -- 5.5.3 Biological Control -- 5.5.4 Integrated Control -- 5.6 Policies and Awareness Programs in Ghana -- 5.6.1 Policies and Conventions for the Control of IAS -- 5.6.1.1 Ghana Policy Framework -- 5.6.1.2 Implementing Agencies on IAS -- 5.6.1.3 Sensitization and Awareness Creation for IAS -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Invasive Alien Species in Libya -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Plant Invasion -- 6.3 Pathways of Introduction of Alien Plant Species -- 6.4 Methods of Management -- 6.5 What Should Be Done About Invasive Alien Plants, and Who Should Do This? -- 6.6 Marine Invasion -- 6.7 Topography and Geography of the Libyan Coast -- 6.8 What Is an Exotic Fish Species? -- 6.9 Origin and Dispersal of Marine Invasive Species -- 6.10 Marine Alien Species Inventory -- 6.11 Impact of Marine Alien Species on the Libyan Coast -- References -- Chapter 7 Elements for Reflection on Primary Invasive Alien Species (IAS) in Morocco: Actual and Potential Impacts -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nature of IAS in Morocco -- 7.2.1 Terrestrial IAS -- 7.2.2 IAS of Continental Wetlands -- 7.2.3 IAS of Marine and Coastal Waters -- 7.3 Main Reasons for Introducing IAS in Morocco -- 7.3.1 Deliberate Introductions -- 7.3.1.1 Aquaculture Activities.
7.3.1.2 Agricultural Activities -- 7.3.1.3 Silvicultural Activities -- 7.3.1.4 Leisure and Gardening Activities -- 7.3.2 Unintentional Introductions -- 7.3.3 Factors Aggravating the Impact of IAS in Morocco -- 7.4 Actual and Potential Impacts of IAS in Morocco -- 7.4.1 Impacts on the Urban Environment -- 7.4.2 Impacts on Agricultural (Agriculture and Livestock), Forestry, and Fisheries Ecosystems -- 7.4.3 Impacts on Human Health -- 7.4.4 Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services -- 7.4.5 Socioeconomic Impacts -- 7.5 Morocco and the Fight Against Invasive Alien Species -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Invasive Alien Species of Sierra Leone -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Concepts of Invasive Alien, Native, and Naturalized Species -- 8.3 Analysis of Diversity within Invasive Alien Species in Sierra Leone -- 8.4 Mode of Introduction of Invasive Alien Species in Sierra Leone -- 8.5 Impacts of Invasive Alien Species in Sierra Leone -- 8.6 Management of Invasive Alien Species in Sierra Leone -- 8.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 9 Alien Invasive Species in Tanzania -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Legal Framework and Laws on Invasive Alien Species in Tanzania -- 9.3 Status of Alien Species -- 9.4 Factors Involved in the Spread of Invasive Alien Species in Tanzania -- 9.4.1 Natural Factors -- 9.4.2 Human-Induced (Anthropogenic) Factors -- 9.5 Examples of Impacts from IAS in Tanzania -- 9.5.1 Plants -- 9.5.1.1 Whitetop (Parthenium hysterophorus) -- 9.5.1.2 Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) -- 9.5.1.3 Tick berry (Lantana camara) -- 9.5.1.4 Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) -- 9.5.1.5 Prosopis (Prosopis juliflora) -- 9.5.1.6 Senna spectabilis -- 9.5.2 Vertebrates -- 9.5.2.1 House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) -- 9.5.2.2 Indian House Crow (Corvus splendens) -- 9.5.2.3 Nile Perch (Lates niloticus).
9.5.2.4 Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) -- 9.5.3 Invertebrates -- 9.5.3.1 Fall Armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda) -- 9.5.3.2 Tomato Leaf Minor (Tuta absoluta) -- 9.5.3.3 Cinara cupressi -- 9.5.3.4 Heteropsylla cubana -- 9.5.3.5 Eucalyptus gall wasp (Leptocybe invasa) -- 9.6 Conclusion and Recommendations -- 9.6.1 Conclusion -- 9.6.2 Recommendations -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 10 Invasive Alien Species in Togo (West Africa) -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Overview -- 10.3 Invasive Alien Plant Species of Togo -- 10.4 Invasive Alien Mollusk of Togo: The Invasive Giant African Land Snail -- 10.5 Invasive Alien Insects of Togo -- 10.6 IAS Management Strategy in Togo -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Invasive Alien Species in Zambia -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Alien Animal Invasive Species and Implications on Ecosystem Management and Integrity in Zambia -- 11.2.1 The Red-Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) -- 11.2.2 Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) -- 11.3 Plant Invasive Species and Their Management -- 11.3.1 Spanish Flag (Lantana camara) -- 11.3.2 Mimosa (Mimosa pigra) -- 11.3.3 Control Measures for Lantana camara and Mimosa pigra -- 11.3.4 Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Kariba Weed (Salvinia molesta) -- 11.3.5 Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) -- 11.4 Legislative Framework -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 Invasive Alien Species in Zimbabwe (Southern Africa) -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Overview of Zimbabwe -- 12.3 Invasive Alien Species of Zimbabwe -- 12.3.1 Terrestrial Invasive Alien Species -- 12.3.1.1 Invasive Alien Plants -- 12.3.1.2 Invasive Alien Insects -- 12.3.2 Aquatic Invasive Alien Species -- 12.3.2.1 Invasive Alien Plants -- 12.3.2.2 Invasive Alien Fish -- 12.4 IAS Management Strategy and Control -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Volume II -- Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910677245203321
Pullaiah T.  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , [2021]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Sandalwood, silviculture, conservation and applications / / Thammineni Pullaiah [and five others]
Sandalwood, silviculture, conservation and applications / / Thammineni Pullaiah [and five others]
Autore Pullaiah T.
Pubbl/distr/stampa Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2021]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (292 pages)
Disciplina 583.85
Soggetto topico Sandalwood
Plant physiology
Forests and forestry
Sàndal
Silvicultura
Fisiologia vegetal
Soggetto genere / forma Llibres electrònics
ISBN 981-16-0780-X
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Sandalwood: The Green Gold -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Botanical Description -- 1.2.1 Taxonomic Position -- 1.2.2 Distribution and Morphological Description -- 1.2.3 Habitat and Growth -- 1.3 Uses -- 1.4 Conservation Status, Threats, and Challenges -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2: History of Sandalwood -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Religious Ceremonies -- 2.2.1 Hinduism -- 2.2.2 Jainism -- 2.2.3 Buddhism -- 2.2.4 Islam -- 2.2.5 Chinese and Japanese Religions -- 2.2.6 Zoroastrianism -- 2.3 History of Sandalwood in India -- 2.4 History of Sandalwood in Australia -- 2.5 History of Sandalwood in Hawaii -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3: Botany of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Taxonomy and Distribution -- 3.3 Botany -- 3.3.1 Santalum L. -- 3.4 Anatomical Features -- 3.4.1 Microscopic Characters of Leaf -- 3.4.2 Macroscopic Characters -- 3.4.3 Microscopic Characters of Heartwood -- 3.4.4 Microscopy of Heartwood Powder -- 3.5 Cytogenetics -- 3.6 Phenology, Reproductive Biology, and Breeding System -- 3.6.1 Phenology -- 3.6.2 Floral Morphology -- 3.6.3 Fruit Morphology -- 3.6.4 Reproductive Biology and Breeding System -- 3.6.4.1 Floral Visitors -- 3.6.5 Variations in Fruit Morphology and Seed Setting -- 3.6.6 Reproductive Rate in Climate Change -- 3.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- 4: Sandalwood Wood Carving -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Wood Carving -- 4.3 Success Story: Masterful Carvers of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India -- 4.3.1 The Carvings -- 4.3.2 Precious Sandalwood -- 4.3.3 Mahesh -- 4.3.4 Mohit -- 4.3.5 Rohit -- 4.3.6 The Future -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Santalum album L. -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Traditional Uses of Sandalwood -- 5.2.1 Ayurvedic Perspective -- 5.2.2 Unani Perspective.
5.3 Phytochemistry -- 5.4 Pharmacology of Sandalwood -- 5.4.1 Anti-Microbial Activities -- 5.4.1.1 Antiviral Activity -- 5.4.1.2 Antibacterial Activity -- 5.4.1.3 Antifungal Activity -- 5.4.2 Anti-Oxidant Efficacy -- 5.4.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity -- 5.4.4 Hepatoprotective Activity -- 5.4.5 Anticancer Activity -- 5.4.6 Anti-Hyperglycaemic and Anti-Hyperlipidaemia Effect -- 5.4.7 Effects on Central Nervous System -- 5.4.8 Other Uses of Sandalwood -- 5.5 Adulteration and Authentication of Sandalwood -- 5.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- 6: Wood Property Variation in Sandalwood -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Physical Properties of Wood -- 6.2.1 Specific Gravity -- 6.2.2 Shrinkage and Swelling -- 6.2.3 Moisture Content -- 6.3 Anatomical Properties -- 6.4 Different Sources of Wood Variation -- 6.5 Sandalwood and Its Adulterants -- 6.6 Conclusions and Future Line of Work -- References -- 7: Silviculture, Growth and Yield of Sandalwood -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Distribution -- 7.3 Geology, Rocks, and Soils -- 7.4 Morphology and Phenology -- 7.5 Seeds and Seed Dormancy -- 7.6 Seed Germination and Seedlings Raising -- 7.7 Vegetative Propagation -- 7.8 Natural and Artificial Regeneration -- 7.9 Host-Sandalwood Parasitism -- 7.10 Inter-Cultural and Tending Operations -- 7.11 Tree Improvement -- 7.12 Conservation of Sandalwood -- 7.13 Growth and Yield of Sandalwood -- 7.14 Growth Study -- 7.14.1 Factors Affecting Growth -- 7.14.2 Influence of Soil on Growth and Heartwood Formation -- 7.15 Yield of Sandalwood and Revenue -- 7.15.1 Heartwood Formation -- 7.15.2 Girth Vs. Yield -- 7.15.3 Revenue to Exchequer -- 7.15.4 Rotation Age -- 7.16 Production of Sandalwood in India -- 7.17 Conclusions and Future Direction -- References -- 8: Cultivation of Sandalwood Under Agro-Forestry System -- 8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Seeds, Seed Treatment, Germination, and Seedling Growth -- 8.3 Agro-Forestry Systems -- 8.4 Nursery Practices for Quality Planting Stock -- 8.5 Site Selection for Sandalwood Cultivation -- 8.6 Sandalwood Cultivation and Impact of Hosts on Its Survival -- 8.7 Maintenance of Plantation -- 8.8 Protection of Plantation -- 8.8.1 Protection Against Grazing -- 8.8.2 Protection Against Fire -- 8.8.3 Protection Against Disease and Pests -- 8.8.4 Protection Against Illicit Felling -- 8.9 Benefits of Agro-Forestry Systems -- 8.9.1 Improving Soil Fertility -- 8.9.2 Increase the Efficiency of Nutrient Uptake -- 8.9.3 Provide Shade to Young Sandalwood -- 8.9.4 Assist the Parasitism Process for Sandalwood -- 8.9.5 Suppressing the Spread of Pests and Diseases -- 8.9.6 Intermediate Benefits to Farmers -- 8.10 Economics of Raising Sandalwood Plantation -- 8.11 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Diseases and Insect Pests of Sandalwood -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Sandalwood and Fungal Association -- 9.3 Sandalwood Diseases -- 9.3.1 Nursery Diseases -- 9.3.2 Main Field Diseases -- 9.3.2.1 Spike Disease of Sandalwood -- Causes of Spike Disease -- Pollen Theory -- Control of Spike Disease -- 9.4 Insect Pests of Sandalwood -- 9.4.1 Nursery Pests -- 9.4.1.1 Cryptothelia cramerii -- 9.4.1.2 Ascotis selenaria imparata -- 9.4.1.3 Acanthopsyche moorei -- 9.4.1.4 Sympiezomias cretaceus -- 9.4.1.5 Eupterote geminata -- 9.4.1.6 Natada nararia -- 9.4.1.7 Holochlora albida -- 9.4.1.8 Teratodus monticollis -- 9.4.1.9 Control of Nursery Pests -- 9.4.2 Stem Borers -- 9.4.2.1 Indarbela quadrinotata -- 9.4.2.2 Zeuzera coffeae -- 9.4.2.3 Sahyadrassus malabaricus -- 9.4.2.4 Aristobia octofasciculata -- 9.4.2.5 Control of Stem Borers -- 9.4.3 Sap Suckers -- 9.4.3.1 Saissetia coffeae -- 9.4.3.2 Saissetia nigra -- 9.4.3.3 Ceroplastes actiniformis -- 9.4.3.4 Ceroplastes ceriferus.
9.4.3.5 Inglisia bivalvata -- 9.4.3.6 Control of Sap Suckers -- 9.4.4 Insects Attacking Wood in Storage and Dead Wood -- 9.4.4.1 Sinoxylon atratum -- 9.4.4.2 Xylopsocus capucinus -- 9.4.4.3 Purpuricenus sanguinolentus -- 9.4.4.4 Xylocopa latipes -- 9.4.4.5 Control Measures -- 9.4.5 Termites -- 9.5 Control Measures of Pests of Sandalwood -- 9.5.1 Chemical Control -- 9.5.2 Biological Control -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10: The Sandalwood Trade: An Overview -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 About Sandalwood Tree and Current Situation -- 10.3 Sandal Tree and Part Traded -- 10.3.1 Adulterants -- 10.3.2 Consumption of Sandalwood and Oil -- 10.4 Sandalwood and Brief on Pricing Trend -- 10.4.1 Historical Trade in Price -- 10.4.2 Price Trend During Twentieth Century -- 10.5 Price Trend of Sandalwood Oil -- 10.6 Domestic Market -- 10.7 Production in Trade -- 10.8 Import and Export Policy on Sandalwood -- 10.9 Case Study from the Industry, Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited (KSDL), India -- 10.9.1 KSDL History: High and Low -- 10.9.2 KSDL Turnover -- 10.9.3 Challenges Faced by KSDL -- 10.10 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Sandalwood Smuggling and Illegal Trading in India -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Illegal Sandalwood Trade -- 11.3 Sandalwood Smuggling -- 11.4 Sandalwood Mafias -- 11.5 The Ghost of Veerappan and Criminalization of Labour -- 11.6 Current Commercial Trend of Sandalwood Trade -- 11.7 Recent Policies on Sandalwood Trade -- 11.8 Conclusions -- References -- 12: Tissue Culture Studies in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Tissue Culture Applications in Sandalwood -- 12.2.1 Tissue Culture Studies in Sandalwood -- 12.2.1.1 Explant Sources -- 12.2.1.2 Surface Sterilization -- 12.2.1.3 Culture Medium -- 12.2.1.4 In Vitro Regeneration of Sandalwood -- 12.3 Limitations -- 12.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References.
13: Sandalwood Biotechnology: Challenges, Opportunities, and Outlook -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Modern Biotechnology Strategies for Enhancing Sandalwood Bio-Prospects -- 13.2.1 Plant Tissue Culture -- 13.2.2 Plant Genetic Engineering -- 13.2.3 RNA Interference Approach in Sandalwood Improvement -- 13.2.4 Transgenic Hairy Roots -- 13.2.5 Host-Parasite Relationship in Sandalwood -- 13.2.6 Spike Disease in Sandalwood -- 13.2.7 Plant Metabolic Engineering and Metabolomics -- 13.2.8 Molecular Markers -- 13.2.9 Genomics -- 13.2.10 Image Analysis -- 13.2.11 Synthetic Biology and Nanobiotechnology -- 13.3 Conclusions -- References -- 14: Sustainable Use, Threats, and Conservation of Sandalwood -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Liberalization of Legal Aspect of Sandalwood in India -- 14.3 Sustainable Use -- 14.4 Threats to Conservation -- 14.5 Conservation of Sandalwood -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- 15: Success Stories of Sandalwood -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Success Story 1: Sirigiri Ravinder: The Farmer and Businessman Combined -- 15.3 Success Story 2: Chava Chandrasekhar: The Farmer -- 15.4 Success Story 3: Thangamuthu the Farmer -- 15.5 Success Story 4: Rangaswamy, A Farmer -- 15.6 Success Story 5: Chinnegowda -- 15.7 Success Story 6: Raghunath, the Farmer -- 15.8 Success Story 7: Ayyappa Thoranagatti, the Farmer -- 15.9 Success Story 8: Ramesh, the Farmer -- 15.10 Success Story 9: Corporate Sector Enters Sandalwood Plantation -- 15.11 Success Story 10: Quintis Limited (Formerly Tropical Forestry Services Corporation Limited, Australia) -- 15.12 Success Story 11: Santanol Pty Ltd. -- References -- Websites.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910488700303321
Pullaiah T.  
Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2021]
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